Diabetes

Diabetes is a common disease that affects people of all ages. It can manifest in several ways. Most prevalent is type 2 Diabetes. You can manage the illness to lead a healthy life and avoid complications by using a combination of therapeutic approaches.

What is diabetes?

It is a chronic health condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. It occurs when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Untreated diabetes can lead to serious complications affecting various organs and systems in the body.  

What are the symptoms of Diabetes?

1. Increased thirst (polydipsia) 2. Frequent urination (polyuria) 3. Fatigue 4. Blurred vision 5. Slow wound healing 6. Unexplained weight loss 7. Tingling or numbness in hands and feet (neuropathy) 8. Increased hunger (polyphagia) 9. Recurrent infections 10. Dry mouth

What causes diabetes ?

High blood sugar is caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors such as obesity, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and environmental influences. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increased insulin resistance.  

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterize by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas initially produces insulin, but over time, it can’t produce enough or the body can’t use it properly.   Key features of type 2 diabetes include:

1. Insulin Resistance:

Cells resist the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

2. Hyperglycemia:

Persistent high blood sugar levels result from the body’s inability to manage glucose effectively.

3. Risk Factors:

Associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, and age.

4. Gradual Onset:

Symptoms may develop gradually, and individuals may not initially experience noticeable signs.

5. Management:

Lifestyle changes, oral medications, and, in some cases, insulin therapy are common approaches to manage type 2 diabetes.   Read:  How EECP Treatment Can Help You Avoid Bypass Surgery?  

How to control blood sugar?

1. Healthy Diet:

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit sugar, refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats.

2. Regular Exercise:

Engage in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.

3. Monitor Blood Sugar:

Check blood sugar levels regularly as advised by healthcare professionals, and adjust diet, exercise, and medication accordingly.

4. Medication:

Take prescribed medications, such as insulin or oral medications, as directed by healthcare providers to help manage blood sugar levels.

5. Weight Management:

Maintain a healthy weight through a combination of diet and exercise to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar.

6. Stress Management:

Practice stress-reducing techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga to help manage blood sugar levels.

7. Regular Medical Check-ups:

Schedule regular check-ups with healthcare providers to monitor blood sugar levels, assess complications, and adjust treatment plans as needed.

8. Quit Smoking:

If you smoke, quit smoking to reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as heart disease and nerve damage.

9. Limit Alcohol:

Drink alcohol in moderation, as excessive alcohol consumption can affect blood sugar levels and contribute to weight gain.

10. Stay Informed:

Educate yourself about diabetes management, including healthy lifestyle choices, medication management, and potential complications.  

How to prevent diabetes?

1. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise. 2. Eating a balanced diet low in sugar and refined carbohydrates. 3. Engaging in regular physical activity. 4. Avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. 5. Getting regular check-ups to monitor blood sugar levels and overall health. 6. Managing stress through relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga. 7. Being aware of family history and risk factors, and taking preventive measures accordingly.  

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